History of Mount Agung:
Gunung Agung is also the ancient name for Mount Slamet in Java.
Mount Agung is the highest mountain on the island of Bali with a height of 3142 masl. The mountain is located in the district of Rendang, Karangasem regency, Bali.
Gunung Agung is a volcano stratovolcano, this mountain has a very large crater is very deep and sometimes smoke and water vapor. Pura Besakih From this mountain with a conical taper seems perfect, but the actual peak of this mountain elongated and ends in a circular craters and wide.
From the top of Mount Agung we can see the peak of Mount Rinjani in Lombok Island in the east, although both mountains covered with clouds because both peaks are above the clouds, the islands of Nusa Penida in the south and its beaches, including beach and mountain Sanur and Lake Batur in the northwest.
Gunung Agung is also the ancient name for Mount Slamet in Java.
Mount Agung is the highest mountain on the island of Bali with a height of 3142 masl. The mountain is located in the district of Rendang, Karangasem regency, Bali.
Gunung Agung is a volcano stratovolcano, this mountain has a very large crater is very deep and sometimes smoke and water vapor. Pura Besakih From this mountain with a conical taper seems perfect, but the actual peak of this mountain elongated and ends in a circular craters and wide.
From the top of Mount Agung we can see the peak of Mount Rinjani in Lombok Island in the east, although both mountains covered with clouds because both peaks are above the clouds, the islands of Nusa Penida in the south and its beaches, including beach and mountain Sanur and Lake Batur in the northwest.
Hindu community trust
Balinese Hindu community believe that Mount Agung is the place bersemayamnya Gods - Gods, and also society believe that these mountains there is the palace of the gods. Therefore, the Balinese community to make this place as a place that purified Kramat.
ERUPTION HISTORY
The eruption of Mount Agung is known as much as 4 times since 1800.
Character Explosion
Patterns and distribution of the results of past eruptions prior to 1808, 1821, 1843, and 1963 show a similar type of eruption, such as explosive (eruption, with a cast incandescent rocks, pieces of lava, pyroclastic and ash rain), and the effusive form of pyroclastic flow , and lava flows (Sutukno B., 1996).
Period Eruption
Of the four events of the past eruptions, periods of rest Gunung Agung can be seen that the shortest of 16 years and the longest 120 years,
Eruption 1963
Chronology of eruption of 1963
Old eruption of Mount Agung in 1963 lasted almost a year, from mid February 1963 to January 26, 1964.
1963 Eruption Products
Lahar Rain
In accordance with the geographical location of Mount Agung which acts as a rain catcher southeast winds that blow, huge lava begins on the slopes of the north, then east to the southeast on a slope and then gradually shifted to the westward and reach the climax in the south-west slope. Large lava to the south began to spread at an altitude of 500 m between Rendang and padangkerta. Then under T. Jangga, which is in T. Krekuk and Jasi, and finally in T. Bugbug Unda. Given the northern region lies within the rain shadow, not a shadow of lava rather than loose sediment, the actual maximum fall on this side.
Lava Flow
Lava that wander between February 19 and March 17, 1963 flowing from the main crater at the summit to the north, through the lowest edge of the crater, stopping at the line height and reach distance of 505.64 m lk. 7290 m. The contents of the lava is estimated as many as lk. 339.235 million m3.
Material Release
Composed of volcanic bombs, lapili, sand and ash, both derived from pyroclastic eruptions or from the explosion crater center. The number of activities take place entirely over the wheel:
Eflata (bombs, sand and ash) lk. 380.5. 106 m3
ladu lk. 110.3. 106 m3
Total lk. 490.8. 106 m3
Heat G Great Cloud
At Mount Agung, there are two kinds of hot clouds, namely clouds and pyroclastic eruptions hot avalanches. Pyroclastic eruption occurred at the time there is a big eruption. At that time the bottom of the pile is saturated with the eruption of volcanic material beyond the edge of the crater and slid down. Movement through the lower section on the edge of the crater, is a ravine and then follow the stream. The speed of the eruption cloud was observed from the Post Rendang is an average of 60 miles per hour and in the south reached the farthest distance of 13 km, which is in T. Nauseating and 14 km north of the T. Power.
According Suryo (1964) hereinafter, the clouds are glowing hot hot clouds that often slid out from under the peak (the edge of the crater). although there is no eruption pyroclastic avalanches could occur. Can also occur if there part of the still hot lava fall, as happened at the time of lava drip on the north slope.
Areas affected pyroclastic eruption on 1963 activity is limited to the south and north slopes alone, because both the west and the east of the crater there is a punggung.Kedua this back extending from west to east. Pyroclastic eruption that goes beyond the eastern edge of the crater is broken down by the back into two departments are the northeast and southeast. So hot clouds in the west of the west's back is broken by the direction southwest and north. Pyroclastic eruptions that occurred during the 1963 activity have plagued the land area falls 863 lk.70km2 and cause human casualties.
Victims of Great Mountain Activities
According Suryo (1965, p.22-26) there are 3 causes symptoms that led to falling victim during the activities of Mount Agung in 1963, namely due to the hot clouds, pyroclastic and lava.
Another disadvantage
Other Kerugain by the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963 detailed as follows:
54 klasiran and banjo there are a lot of damage.
45 villagers, including 12 pieces destroyed, the rest partially damaged
1963 bush house and hut.
75 ha and 2201.63 ha of paddy fields
1167 head of cattle and 10 918 birds
2567 head of cattle
1382 birds
21 villages, 5 of them were destroyed
4172 home
1359.685 ha of rice and 870 ha of lading
150 head of cattle
2617 birds
1564 houses buried, burnt and damaged
53.983.00 ha field buried
11.745.00 ha of damaged forest.
Greatness and Energy
Kusumadinata (1964) have calculated the energy and power of the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963 with the following results:
Grandeur : IV (H. Suya, 1955)
The volume of eruption : 0.83 km3 (V)
Specific gravity : 2.3 (d)
Heat energy released : 2,189.1025 erg (Eth)
Equality atomic bomb : 2605.9 (Ae)
Greatness eruption : 8.99
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